Scabies are caused by the Sarcoptes scabies mite, which is an obligate human parasite, meaning it requires a human host to survive. The mites are tiny, measuring only about 0.3–0.4 millimetres, making them barely visible to the naked eye.

Pityriasis Rosea:

• Description: Pityriasis Rosea is a common, self-limiting skin condition that typically presents as a large, single pink or salmon-coloured patch known as the "herald patch." This is followed by the appearance of smaller patches that spread in a Christmas tree pattern on the trunk and limbs.

​​

• Causes: The exact cause of Pityriasis Rosea is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with viral infections, particularly human herpesviruses 6 and 7. It is not considered contagious.

​​

• Symptoms: The condition starts with a single large patch, followed by smaller, oval-shaped lesions with a raised, scaly border. Mild itching may accompany the rash.

​​

• Duration: The rash typically resolves on its own within 6 to 8 weeks, though in some cases, it can last longer.

​​

• Treatment: Pityriasis Rosea usually does not require treatment as it is self-limiting. However, treatments to relieve itching, such as antihistamines, topical steroids, or calamine lotion, may be recommended. In severe cases, phototherapy may be used.

​

Pityriasis Alba:

• Description: Pityriasis Alba is a common skin condition, especially in children and young adults, characterized by the appearance of round or oval, pale, slightly scaly patches on the face, neck, arms, or torso.

​​

• Causes: The exact cause of Pityriasis Alba is unknown, but it is often associated with eczema and is thought to be related to skin dryness and inflammation.

​​

• Symptoms: The condition begins with slightly red, scaly patches that eventually fade to leave lighter-coloured, hypopigmented areas. The patches are usually asymptomatic but may be mildly itchy.

​​

• Duration: Pityriasis Alba may persist for several months to a few years. The hypopigmented patches gradually return to normal skin colour over time.

​​

• Treatment: Treatment is usually not necessary as the condition is benign and self-resolving. Moisturizers, gentle skin care products, and topical steroids can help improve the appearance and speed up the resolution of the patches.
  
  Pityriasis Versicolor (Tinea Versicolor)

• Description: Pityriasis Versicolor, also known as Tinea Versicolor, is a fungal infection of the skin caused by an overgrowth of yeast from the genus Malassezia. It leads to the development of discoloured patches on the skin.

​​

• Causes: The condition is caused by the overgrowth of Malassezia yeast, which is normally present on human skin. Factors that contribute to this overgrowth include hot and humid weather, oily skin, hormonal changes, and a weakened immune system.

​​

• Symptoms: Pityriasis Versicolor presents as patches of skin that are lighter or darker than the surrounding skin. These patches may be white, pink, tan, or brown and are often accompanied by mild itching and scaling. The affected areas are commonly found on the trunk, neck, and upper arms.

​​

• Duration: The condition may persist for months or longer if untreated, but it is not permanent. The skin colour usually returns to normal once the infection is treated, though it may take several weeks for pigmentation to normalize.

​​

• Treatment: Treatment options include topical antifungal medications such as ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, or clotrimazole. In more severe or widespread cases, oral antifungal medications like fluconazole or itraconazole may be prescribed. Recurrence is common, so preventive measures, including the regular use of antifungal shampoos or lotions, may be recommended.

​